Balkan Studies | Info

The Greek Revolution of 1821 that led to an eight-year war for independence was a movement with complex origins and causes. The Christian populations that revolted against the Ottoman regime were neither homogeneous nor of uniform interests and attitudes.

A combination of factors contributed to the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence in the spring of 1821.

Origins of the Greek War of Independence

• Deterioration of the Ottoman imperial structure that led to corruption and increased taxation and rise of the local Muslim notables that challenged the central government.
• Changes in the land holding system and consequent hardship of the peasant populations.
• Greek economic revival of the 18th century brought about by the British-French wars, the provisions of the Russo-Turkish treaties of 1774 and 1792, the French Revolution and the French-British wars that followed.
• Extraordinary increase of the Greek merchant marine, remarkable prosperity of Greek merchants and a rapid expansion of Greek handicraft industries.
• Rise of new middle class both within the Ottoman Empire and in merchant communities abroad.
• Nationalist propaganda of small, literate elite.

These factors unleashed new political forces and brought about a new intellectual climate.

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